Indigenous History of the Americas — History Classes · Level band: Grades 10–13 · College · University
English edition — the language editions of the history classes are outstanding and will follow the site’s translation pattern; none is fabricated here.
The full history stands in this band: the peoples at depth, the complete practices, the wars, the diseases, the extinction and peoples registers, and the genocide record — sources and debates complete.
The opening chapter of the history. Senior history class: the Norse base and the year 1021, the claims tested and not carried, the fishermen before the flags, Columbus sent under contract in 1492, the world divided on paper, the crowns' follow-ons, the first footholds and first violences in their documents, and the nations' own arrival traditions beside them.
Open the classSenior history class: four peoples at depth — language, traditions, treaties, writings, crafts.
Open the classSenior history class: four peoples at depth — Inuit, Maya, Mexica, Inca.
Open the classSenior history class: the documented genocide record for the Americas.
Open the classSenior history class: the detailed companion to the Extermination Census — the mechanisms, documented with named cases, enslavement among them, and the nineteen peoples, account by account.
Open the classSenior history class: the CEH's 1999 finding, REMHI, and the Ríos Montt conviction and its annulment — both halves.
Open the classSenior history class: the hemisphere's largest documented state sterilization programme, in the state's own figures.
Open the classSenior history class: the burning of the Pequot fort in the commanders' own counts, the Treaty of Hartford, and the slave exports of 1675–76.
Open the classSenior history class: starvation as policy in the government's own correspondence, and the eight men hanged at Battleford in 1885.
Open the classSenior history class: 79,000 baptisms against 62,600 deaths — the mission registers' arithmetic, 1769–1834.
Open the classSenior history class: Casement's documented figure — some 30,000 deaths for some 4,000 tons of rubber.
Open the classSenior history class: the official inquiry into the protection agency turned perpetrator, and the CNV's 2014 findings.
Open the classSenior history class: the killing of 16 Yanomami and the genocide conviction Brazil's Supreme Federal Court affirmed.
Open the classSenior history class: the 1932 repression at its documented range, and the silence that followed.
Open the classSenior history class: Roca's own accounting as the perpetrator's document; Chile's annexation of Mapuche territory beside it.
Open the classSenior history class: the genocide allegation and its documented dispute, held as a contested finding.
Open the classSenior history class: the Second Carib War, Balliceaux, and the exile to Roatán — a surviving people's deportation, figures as sourced ranges.
Open the classSenior history class: the slave raids, the taking of the rongorongo readers, and the return that carried smallpox home — a Pacific case beside the Americas.
Open the classSenior history class: the census's 2026-10-28 continuations — the US/Canada long tail, the Caribbean chroniclers at first hand, and the Arawakan pass.
Open the classSenior history class: what the law holds about destroying a people's records — Krstić and the ICJ — and the Americas record of burned, hidden and withheld archives, Maní to St. Anne's.
Open the classSenior history class: mercury, lead, fluoride at its exact debated level, First Nations drinking water, endocrine science, and the extraction wealth set beside the water record — documented, debated and claimed kept apart.
Open the classSenior history class: the sourced counts, the nadirs, the numbers alive today — and the calculation, printed as a model with every assumption on its face, of the increase five centuries should have brought.
Open the classSenior history class: apologies, rulings, a truth commission and a repudiated doctrine, 2021–2025 — each filed at exactly its own weight, and the items not carried listed with their reasons.
Open the classSenior history class: the whole genocide record bound into one document — every component with its one-line verdict and evidence level, the refusals compiled with the findings, and the owner's cited text standing in its own class.
Open the classSenior history class: the schools as a dated chronology under Article II(e) — Mohawk 1828/1831, compulsory attendance 1920, Carlisle 1879, the Institute today, and the burial grounds built over, each item at its evidence level.
Open the classSenior history class: what happened to the school lands after closure — Regina, Battleford, Red Deer, St. Paul's, the Mohawk estate, the still-live St. Albert sale, and Carlisle's cemetery moved for construction — each timeline at the level its sources carry.
Open the classSenior history class: the worldwide register of Catholic Church child-abuse payouts, country by country — Church money separated from State money, victims compensated from victims estimated, the sealed settlements named as a finding, and no total the record cannot carry.
Open the classSenior history class: the diseases — smallpox at the head of the epidemic record, and the intent evidence.
Open the classSenior history class: the wars between the peoples — full record, causes as the record and the traditions give them.
Open the classSenior history class: the peoples going extinct, and those who ended — the extinction register.
Open the classSenior history class: the peoples register — every people marked extinct, dormant/reawakening, or living today, each count sourced.
Open the classSenior history class: the practices of the land — herds, harvest, farming, crafts, hides, jewellery.
Open the classSenior history class: the practices of horse, sea, snow and song — full entries.
Open the classSenior history class: bannock's fur-trade and reserve history, the Cherokee Trail of Tears ration record, and the Diné Hwéeldi frybread account — each nation's record kept distinct, sources and debates complete.
Open the classSenior history class: September 27, 2026 — masked men linked to Second Sons Canada on Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc land days before the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, and the community's answer: drums, song, a law of its own, and September 30 kept in the open.
Open the classSenior history class: the treaties as nation-to-nation covenants, the Indian Act of 1876 laid over them, a century of narrowing, section 35 and the courts — and the 2025–26 fast-tracking laws, the nations' challenges, and the fight as it stands in October 2026.
Open the classSenior history class: the code talkers of both World Wars whole — the Choctaw squad, the Navajo programme, the Comanche at Normandy, the thirty-three nations of the 2008 Act; Korea and Vietnam at the record's exact level; the silence until 1968, the late recognition, and the suppression that ran before, during and after the wars.
Open the classSenior history class: the long line of service from the French alliances to the present — Châteauguay verified in the open against Lacolle Mills and Crysler's Farm, Tecumseh and Ghent's price, Pegahmagabow, Tommy Prince whole, Korea and Vietnam at the documented scales.
Open the classSenior history class: the nations' Civil War entire — Opothleyahola and the Trail of Blood on Ice, the Home Guards, Parker at Appomattox, Watie last to surrender; the divided nations and slaveholding within them unsmoothed; the 1866 treaties and the freedmen citizenship fight to the present courts.
Open the classSenior history class: the frontier record state by state at its documented levels — Myall Creek, Battle Mountain, Forrest River, Coniston — the protection regimes, and the child removals at Bringing Them Home's own figures, with the 2008 apology at its exact words.
Open the classSenior history class: the Black War, martial law and Wybalenna — and the refutation: the "last Tasmanian" verdict examined against the living Palawa people, their language retrieval and their census standing today.
Open the classSenior history class: the 1835 invasion and near-extermination of the Moriori at full evidentiary care, the Tribunal's findings and the Crown's apology — beside Māori's collapse to the 1896 nadir and recovery, neither inflated nor filed extinct.
Open the classSenior history class: Hawaiʻi's demographic collapse at evidence levels, the blackbirding registers, Fiji 1875 and Samoa 1918 — and the census result for the whole Pacific: collapse everywhere, extinction nowhere the descendant check was run.
Open the classSenior history class: von Trotha's extermination order in its own words, Shark Island, the death figures held as estimates; Germany's 2021 recognition at exact weight; and the Congo Free State with its contested millions classed, never headlined.
Open the classSenior history class: the enfumades, the Cyrenaica camps, the Khoekhoe and San record with its living guard, the Pipeline and Maji Maji ranges — and the census finding: endings by absorption in Class B, Class A none verified.
Open the classSenior history class: six Andamanese peoples ended, line by line against the census years, beside the living Jarawa, Onge and Sentinelese; and the Ainu — a language at the edge inside a people who stand. The difference between the two files is the lesson.
Open the classSenior history class: the failed extirpation order of 1742, Taiwan's absorption precedent tested and refuted, a war toll filed as a war toll, and the European North's documented harms inside standing, self-governing peoples.
Open the classSenior history class: every genocide on the record against Indigenous peoples, continent by continent, classed Documented, Debated and Claim with its instrument named — and, kept apart from them and never added to them, the peoples who are not with us anymore.
Open the classSenior history class: the whole built record set in the order of time, from the scattering of the tribes in 722 BC to the present — every people at its date, with the seven fields the publisher named: when, where they lived, how they lived, the war or conquest and who did it, how they were killed, and the outcome, each line classed exactly as the record classes it and the owed fields printed as owed.
Open the classSenior history class: the northern Ontario fire seasons at their documented scale — including Namaygoosisagagun and Whitewater Lake First Nations destroyed entire in July 2026 — beside Bill 5’s special economic zones and the fourteen-nation court challenge; and Lahaina read at the end of its long land line, from the Māhele of 1848 through the overthrow, the Apology Resolution and the ceded lands to the fire of 8 August 2023 — the investigations’ findings, the laser claim examined at its exact class, and the rebuilding fight, every line classed Documented, Debated or Claim.
Open the classSenior history class: the peoples Rome called barbarians, named severally and as subjects of their own histories — Goths, Vandals, Franks, Alemanni, Picts, Sarmatians, Dacians, the Huns, and Persia classed as what it was, a peer empire; the Colosseum and its funding from the spoils of Jerusalem, classed exactly as a reconstruction from the inscription's dowel holes; the persecution waves from Nero in AD 64 to the Great Persecution of 303–313, with the burning of the Scriptures documented by an eyewitness; and the owner’s teaching of 300,000 printed at the head as OWNER’S TEACHING beside the record’s own side — the held Didache essay, the demographic bar, and the era’s counted dead — the conflict printed, not resolved, every line at its class.
Open the classSenior history class: the scattering in the record itself — the whoring charged by Hosea and judged in 2 Kings 17, the first deportations of 734–732 BC, Samaria’s fall in 722 and Sargon’s own inscribed count of 27,290, the deportees set down in Assyria and Media, where their contemporary trail ends; Tobit’s witness from inside the exile; Arsareth in 2 Esdras 13, quoted under a stated held gap — the collection’s own witness lacks the chapter; two thousand years of identifications, each at its exact class — tradition, claim, or documented search; the Join answered in three sentences that are never merged; and Europe’s and Britain’s first peoples at the census law’s exact endings — the Neolithic Britons replaced in ancestry, the Picts and Etruscans absorbed, the Basques, Welsh, Cornish and Bretons surviving.
Open the classSenior history class: Tartary as the geography books knew it — the word and the Tartarus pun, the label on the maps from 1375 to 1851, the gazetteers' three divisions, the Mongol century, the khanates and the peoples who stand today, and why the word dissolved into its contents in print. The modern Tartaria claim is examined in one section at its verdicts, and three exhibits — the arms, the flag, and the Wall — are tested at the record.
Open the classSenior history class: Plato's Atlantis read whole at its source — beyond the Pillars, larger than Libya and Asia together, 9,000 years before Solon — beside the floods the stones record: the Zanclean refilling of the Mediterranean, the Black Sea reconnection and Doggerland at their classes, the Missoula floods and their forty years' refusal, Thera held at hypothesis weight, the gap-theory tradition filed as doctrine, and the Bimini formation taken to the ground, cored and dated.
Open the classSenior history class: how to measure a picture — the three requirements, the true ruler of 8 ft 11 in, and the 2002 digital-art contest composite behind the genre's most-circulated giant skeleton; the texts entered as text — Genesis 6, Og's iron bedstead at nine cubits by four, the Rephaim, Enoch's Watchers' offspring; the great doors at their documented purposes — proportion, procession, carriage and load — and the wicket at the centre, Durham's “eye of the needle” and the Yeocomico door; the palace lifts of 1743 and 1793, sized to one person in a chair, against the freight cars sized to their loads; Pigafetta at Puerto San Julián in 1520 and the shrinking measured series to the Tehuelche at about six feet; the newspaper giants, the Cardiff Giant entire with Hull's confession of 10 December 1869, and the 2014 satire origin of the suppression claim; and the real bones re-read to their species — Teutobochus, Lucerne, Claverack, Koch's Missourium, and the churches' giants — every line at its class.
Open the classSenior history class: how a charge is tested — the opium system and its documented fortunes, DuPont's war profits at the Nye Committee's figures, the Rockefeller Foundation's eugenics grants, the Illuminati of its own seized and published archive, the planted witness Paul Bennewitz, and two Epstein documents weighed at exactly what each establishes — DOCUMENTED weight only, every claim-tier charge left at its class.
Open the classSenior history class: the “before all worlds” saying found in the owner's held Infancy Gospel of Thomas, Latin Text, not James — quoted whole from the witness as printed, with the Greek beside the Latin, the word “worlds,” the Watchers structure element by element, the modern doctrines mapped beside it without merging, and the blood answered in three separate layers, the texts, tradition, and physiology.
Open the classSenior history class: the strand's media-literacy coda — a machine-made banquet portrait examined seat by seat, its greys, tall pale ones, uniformed grey, masked humans, hooded figures and banner each traced to their stratum, the complex's self-portrait as synthesis, and what an image can and cannot prove.
Open the classSenior history apparatus: the four period maps of the Tartary class, reproduced from their holding sources — Ortelius 1570, Delisle 1706 in the Covens & Mortier reissue, Vaugondy 1757, and Cary 1806 — each under its full caption: maker, date, holding source, what it shows, and what it does not show. A period document: borders and names are its maker's, not today's.
Open the plateThe Anunnaki in the tablets themselves: the great gods, judges of the dead, the division of heaven and earth; the Igigi and their revolt; Atrahasis whole — mankind made from clay and the blood of a slain god to bear the gods' labour; and the Sumerian King List's long reigns at the text's face.
Open the class1 Enoch 6–7 first, in the collection's own Charles text — the desire, Semjaza's fear, the oath on Hermon, the two hundred — then Genesis 6, Jubilees' retelling, the nations of giants at their measures, and the apkallu: the scholarly comparison the claim literature never mentions.
Open the classThe flood remembered on every continent, in each nation's own telling — Ziusudra, Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, Deucalion, Manu and the fish, the Gun–Yu flood mastered by works, and the Indigenous traditions of the Americas at the published record — the texts compared, none flattened into another.
Open the classThe empire the maps named, as it actually was: Herodotus's Scythians at first hand, the Turkic khaganates, Chinggis Khan and the Mongol order whole, and the long succession — Golden Horde, Kazan, Astrakhan, Khiva, Bukhara, Kokand — to 1920.
Open the classHow the world got onto paper: the Catalan Atlas and Fra Mauro, Ortelius and the first atlas, Delisle's corrections, the Russian atlases, and the survey era that retired the old names — what each age's map shows about what that age knew.
Open the classThe ancient knowledge of the heavens: Enoch's own astronomy — the 364-day calendar and the gates of the sun — beside Babylon's Venus tablets and Egypt's decans; the Dogon and Sirius at the debate's three stations; a geared cosmos in bronze; and the herb identified on the altar at Tel Arad.
Open the classEvery ancient world built heaven with gates, and named who kept them — Enoch's numbered portals, Bethel, Egypt's Book of Gates, the scorpion-guarded gate of Mashu, the gates of horn and ivory. The modern world built a ring of magnets under a border: the laboratory at its documented record, its own word "portal" at its real meanings, and the modern stargate doctrine at its class.
Open the classSenior history class: the continent whole, from African voices first — Aksum, Ghana, Mali and Timbuktu, Great Zimbabwe, Kongo's king protesting in his own letters, Benin and restitution, the slave trades at the database's estimates, Berlin and colonial rule, continuous resistance, the independence wave with its 1960 count shown; the conflicts shown, the NOT VERIFIED register carried whole, and the 20 study questions.
Open the classSenior history class: Mexico from Indigenous testimony in the front rank — a world of nations, the coalition war and its 178-year arc, the demographic catastrophe at its contested figures, independence and the unfinished settlement; and the Inquisition in Mexico whole — the episcopal phase and Don Carlos, the exemption stated precisely, Maní, the Tribunal, the Carvajal family, censorship and the seized Codex — with its exhibits answered, its NOT VERIFIED register carried whole, 30 study questions, and the College/University method section.
Open the classSenior history class: the Holocaust whole, from the dossier — Jewish life in Europe before, the road 1933–1939, ghettos, the Einsatzgruppen and Babi Yar (33,771 in the perpetrators' own report), Wannsee, Chełmno and Operation Reinhard, Auschwitz, each victim group in its own documented numbers never blended, resistance, the Righteous, the death marches, liberation and the trials; denial only inside one labelled exhibit, answered by the Irving v. Lipstadt record; the 8 NOT VERIFIED items carried as NOT VERIFIED.
Open the classSenior history class: the transatlantic, trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean trades under one evidence discipline — SlaveVoyages estimates labelled as database reconstructions, the older trades as sourced ranges with their conflicts shown never resolved, resistance at every stage, abolition dated act by act, Britain's £20 million compensation to owners and Haiti's indemnity carried at their documented weight, and the NOT VERIFIED register whole.
Open the classSenior history class: Congo rubber on the Casement record with the toll left as the sourced conflict it is — no single number asserted — Potosí and the mita, Kimberley and the Witwatersrand with compounds, passes and the 1913 Land Act, the concession companies as a legal system, and the later forms in oil, coltan and uranium; every case closing with where the wealth went and what the land was left with.
Open the classSenior history class: the war itself — the alliance system and the July Crisis at the documents, the Western and Eastern Fronts at their sourced casualty ranges, the home fronts and the propaganda system with the Belgian record kept whole, 1917's two turnings, and the peoples of every continent the war drew in, each in their own nation's record, with the counting conflicts shown and the unverified items named at their places.
Open the classSenior history class: the Ottoman theatres; the Armenian genocide standing in its own section at its sourced range centred near one million, with the Allied declaration of 24 May 1915 carried in full and denial carried only as a labelled, answered exhibit; the four African campaigns and the carrier corps at the historians' stated figures, the uncounted German-side figures registered not filled; the war's ends on every front, its cost at 15–22 million as a construction, and the peace — Versailles, the mandates, Sykes–Picot and Balfour in full.
Open the classSenior history class: the war's three true start dates — Manchuria 1931, full-scale war in China 1937, the European war 1939 — Poland, the fall of France, the Battle of Britain, the Eastern Front as the war's largest theatre, the USSR's losses printed as the conflict they are, and the war's end in Europe.
Open the classSenior history class: China's war 1937–1945 and its 14–20 million dead as a sourced range, Nanjing as the tribunals and historians give it, Southeast Asia under occupation and its famines, the Pacific campaigns, the Thai-Burma Railway's named and uncounted dead, and the end in Asia.
Open the classSenior history class: the Indian Army's 2.5 million, African, Caribbean and other colonial soldiers in their own right, Thiaroye carried as disputed, the atomic deaths as estimates with the methodological conflict shown, the 30+-nation cost table that refuses false addition, and the aftermath that remade the world.
Open the classSenior history class: how the two-camp world formed in 1945–49, containment and the doctrines, the arms race at its sourced figures, the proxy-war pattern, the space race, the thaws and freezes, the camps' internal cracks, and the end in 1989–1991 — cold only in the homelands.
Open the classSenior history class: Korea as a war in full, at Korean sources first — the line drawn in one night in 1945, the invasion and the two reversals, 635,000 tons of bombs and the dams, the Bodo League and No Gun Ri in the Republic's own commission record, and the armistice that never became a peace.
Open the classSenior history class: Vietnam as a war in full, at Vietnamese historians and testimony first — Dien Bien Phu and the Geneva division, the refused election, the American war and My Lai at the Army's own inquiry, Tet and Hue at its debated count, Laos and Cambodia, 1975, and the three accountings of the dead kept apart.
Open the classSenior history class: Cuba from 1959 through Playa Girón, the thirteen days of October 1962 and the embargo's record in both its registers; Afghanistan 1979–89 at Soviet and Afghan records; and decolonisation as the Cold War's other front — Bandung, the Congo, Algeria's unresolved count, Angola.
Open the classSenior history class: the frame of AD 500–1000 — a world of several great civilisations standing at once, taught as one connected map-in-time; what actually ended in the West in 476 and what continued; and the term “dark ages” examined at its own record, from Petrarch in the 1330s to Baronius's saeculum obscurum of 1602.
Open the classSenior history class: the empire that never called itself Byzantine — Rhomaioi, Romans, in their own name — its law codified under Justinian, Hagia Sophia, the plague and Persian wars, Iconoclasm at a record written by the winning side, and its standing at full strength at 1000; and the rise and spread of Islam in Arabic and Persian voices first — the Prophet's Arabia from the sources, the conquests at al-Baladhuri's town-by-town record, Damascus and Baghdad, and the translation movement and what it preserved and made new.
Open the classSenior history class: Tang China in its own dynastic record — reunification, cosmopolitan Chang'an, the dated printed book of 868, the An Lushan catastrophe with its figure held at its exact debated class, and the fall of 907; the post-Roman West — Clovis to Charlemagne and the coronation of 800, Bede's England, Alfred's survival, and the Viking age with the victims' annals speaking first; and the Americas — the Classic Maya at their literate height and the southern cities' multi-causal fall, with the house's northern record cross-linked, not duplicated.
Open the classSenior history class: Greece and Persia as each other's mirror — Persia at the Persian and Greek records both, Athens and Sparta at the primary record, the wars between them, and Alexander and the Hellenistic world he made.
Open the classSenior history class: Han China whole at its own dynastic histories first — unification's inheritance, the examination seed, paper, the Silk Road opened — and ancient India: the Mauryas and Ashoka at his own edicts first, the Guptas, and the mathematics and astronomy.
Open the classSenior history class: Rome's Christianisation and division, the fall of the West at the record as a process, not an event, the peoples on the move, Persia's last Sasanian centuries, and Byzantium born — ending where Byzantium and Islam begins.
Open the classSenior history class: the twenty years between the wars as a story a reader can follow — the settlements and their failures, reparations at their figures, the Depression nation by nation, the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany and of militarism in Japan, the Soviet famine, the Americas and the colonised world, Manchuria 1931 and Ethiopia 1935 as the road's first miles, and Spain as the rehearsal — figures as sourced ranges, classes unmerged.
Open the classSenior history class: the connective narrative — a dated, sourced through-line showing how the second war grew out of the first war's settlement: the appointment of 1933, rearmament in the open, the Rhineland, Austria, Munich, Kristallnacht, Prague, and the Nazi–Soviet Pact of 23 August 1939, closing at the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 — with the counterfactuals carried as DEBATED and the persecution thread dated beside the diplomacy.
Open the classSenior history class: the frame of 1000–1500 and the Crusades whole — the call of 1095, the Rhineland massacres in the Hebrew chronicles, Jerusalem 1099 with its numbers shown as a conflict of sources, the kingdoms planted and lost, the Muslim world that answered in its own record (al-Sulami, Ibn al-Athir, Usama, Saladin), the crusades turned against Christians and pagans, and the Mongol aftermath cross-linked to the Steppe World.
Open the classSenior history class: Ghana at al-Bakri's compiled testimony, Mali at the Sundiata epic, al-Umari's report of Mansa Musa and Ibn Battuta's eyewitness Mali, Songhai rising and Timbuktu's own chronicles, Great Zimbabwe at the settled record with the colonial denial exhibited and answered — beside Song China whole: its economy, Hartwell's iron figure with its revision, Bi Sheng's printing, the examination state, and the fall of 1127 and 1279.
Open the classSenior history class: the plague as a world event — the Issyk-Kul graves and the 2022 DNA fixing its source, the road west along the grain and pilgrim routes, Caffa at single-source weight, mortality by region at sourced ranges with the conflicts shown (Clement VI's agents, Benedictow, the pollen caution), Ibn Battuta's Damascus, and what it changed: labour law, land, faith, prices, and the libel and massacres of 1348–49.
Open the classSenior history class: Canada whole — the land and its peoples before contact, the French and British centuries, the Acadian deportation and the Royal Proclamation, Confederation and the Numbered Treaties' two records, the Indian Act and the schools at their documented totals, the wars' service and the uprooting at home, Québec and section 35, and the present tense of findings, apologies, and peoples standing — with the Grades 10–12 study questions as its closing section.
Open the classSenior history class: the peoples within Canada at their own published records — Mi'kmaq and Wolastoqiyik, the Beothuk at their last witness, Innu, Haudenosaunee, Wendat, Anishinaabe, the Plains nations, the Métis Nation, the Coast and interior nations of the west, Dene, and Inuit of Inuit Nunangat — a doorway in depth, cross-linked to the peoples classes that carry each people whole.
Open the classSenior history class: the shore the conquest sailed from — print and what print did, the Reformation and the wars of religion, the scientific revolution read in its own documents from Copernicus to Newton, and the fiscal states and chartered companies that built the ships, ending at the dockside facing the Genocide Record so both shores of colonisation stand together.
Open the classSenior history class: three Islamic empires whole, at their own records first — Ottoman registers, chronicles and Evliya Çelebi; Iskandar Beg Munshi's Persian court history; Babur's own memoir and Abu'l Fazl's imperial gazetteer — their administration, their arts, and their declines' beginnings, while Europe was still dividing.
Open the classSenior history class: the treasure fleets' end and the sea bans, the Ming fall and the Manchu conquest in Chinese records first — Ma Huan's eyewitness survey and Wang Xiuchu's Yangzhou account — the Qing at its height and the edict of 1793, and Japan's unification and its closed-country order of guarded gates.
Open the classSenior history class: Abdelkader and the conquest, the indigénat and the land laws, Sétif on 8 May 1945 with every toll at its source, the war of independence 1954–1962 — torture, regroupement, Évian — and independent Algeria to the Hirak, from Algerian historians and testimony first.
Open the classSenior history class: Kongo and Ndongo in their own letters, Queen Nzinga's forty years of war and diplomacy, Luanda and Benguela as the Atlantic trade's largest artery, the forced-labour state and the Ross Report, 1961, and the civil war of 1975–2002 at its labelled estimate range.
Open the classSenior history class: Dahomey's palace state read from Abomey's own walls, the Agojie in their Fon name, Ouidah's million at the database's estimate, Béhanzin's war and the burning of Abomey, the National Conference Benin invented in 1990, and the 26 treasures returned in 2021.
Open the classSenior history class: the San first peoples at the published record, the Tswana chiefdoms and the kgotla, the three dikgosi's victorious London mission of 1895, Seretse Khama's exile and founding, the diamond republic's tests, and the Central Kalahari case in both of the judgment's halves.
Open the class